The Effect of Some Immunological Markers (IgM, IgG, CCP, IL1) Associated with RA in a Sample of Iraqi Patients

• Atheer Shehab Ahmed

  The General Directorate for Education of Diyala, 32001, Baqubah, Iraq

• Ali Shakir Al-Ezee

  Department of Biology / College of Education for Pure Sciences / University of Diyala, 32001, Baqubah, Iraq

• Sara Fawzi Sahm

  Middle Technical University, Continuous Education Center, Baghdad – Iraq

This work was performed on Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It collected blood samples from 60 patients with RA whose ages range between 21-70 years. The study included more females than males, as the former was 55 by 91.7%, while the latter was 5 at 8.3%. To compare, 28 other blood samples were drawn from healthy control participants who range from 21-60 years, and the males was 5, 17.9%. The females were 23 by 82.1%, as the highest was in the ages 41-60 years and 51.7 and the age group (≤20) years (3.3%) was lowest as the disease among non-smokers(90.0%)  is the largest in comparison to the rate among smokers (10.0%) with significant differences (P<0.001). The disease among married couples (80.0%) was statistically different (P<0.01) as the largest in reference to the unmarried and (20.0%). A significant rise (P<0.001) in Intreleukin- 1 alpha in patients 2.87 units/ml appeared while in healthy people 1.36 units/ml, and a significant rise "(P<0.001) in cyclic citrullinated peptides antibody in the blood of patients relative to the healthy". Here, the protein in the patients' blood was 406.62 mg/L and the 66.07 mg/L in the healthy.  A high significant rise (P<0.001) was seen in immunoglobulin IgG in patients rising to 3.39 (ug/ml) and the healthy 0.72 (ug/ml). A significant rise happened (P<0.001) in the immunoglobulin IgM in patients reaching 8.75 (ug/ml).) compared to the healthy at 5.32 (ug/ml).

Highlights:

1. Demographics: RA affects mostly females (91.7%), non-smokers (90%), and married (80%).
2. Biomarkers: Significant increases in IL-1α, CCP antibody, IgG, and IgM in RA.
3. Controls: Healthy controls show lower biomarker levels compared to RA patients.

Keywords: Marker, IgM, IgG, CCP, IL1.

M. Akiyama and Y. Kaneko, "Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, and Treatment Strategy for Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease," Autoimmunity Reviews, vol. 21, no. 5, p. 103056, 2022.

D. Azizoddin et al., "A Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the LupusPRO Between Southern California and Filipino Samples of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus," Lupus, vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 967-974, 2017.

E. Y. Chang, K. C. Chen, B. K. Huang, and A. Kavanaugh, "Adult Inflammatory Arthritides: What the Radiologist Should Know," Radiographics, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1849-1870, 2016.

Z. Cheng et al., "Dysbiosis in the Oral Microbiomes of Anti-CCP Positive Individuals at Risk of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis," Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 162-168, 2021.

E. G. Favalli, M. Biggioggero, C. Crotti, A. Becciolini, M. G. Raimondo, and P. L. Meroni, "Sex and Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis," Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, vol. 56, pp. 333-345, 2019.

L. Innala et al., "Age at Onset Determines Severity and Choice of Treatment in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective Study," Arthritis Research & Therapy, vol. 16, no. 1, p. R14, 2014.

N. N. Khanna et al., "Rheumatoid Arthritis: Atherosclerosis Imaging and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Using Machine and Deep Learning–Based Tissue Characterization," Current Atherosclerosis Reports, vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-14, 2019.

K. Mankia et al., "Prevalence of Periodontal Disease and Periodontopathic Bacteria in Anti–Cyclic Citrullinated Protein Antibody–Positive At-Risk Adults Without Arthritis," JAMA Network Open, vol. 2, no. 6, e195394, 2019.

A. Nicolò et al., "Rheumatoid Factor IgM Autoantibodies Control IgG Homeostasis," Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 13, p. 1016263, 2022.

A.-F. Radu and S. G. Bungau, "Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Overview," Cells, vol. 10, no. 11, p. 2857, 2021.

A. Schwenzer et al., "Association of Distinct Fine Specificities of Anti–Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies with Elevated Immune Responses to Prevotella Intermedia in a Subgroup of Patients with RA and Periodontitis," Arthritis & Rheumatology, vol. 69, no. 12, pp. 2303-2313, 2017.

C. Selmi, E. Generali, M. Massarotti, G. Bianchi, and C. A. Sciré, "New Treatments for Inflammatory Rheumatic Disease," Immunologic Research, vol. 60, pp. 277-288, 2014.

O. Vittecoq, L. Richard, C. Banse, and T. Lequerré, "The Impact of Smoking on RA Outcomes," Joint Bone Spine, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 135-138, 2018.

Q. Wei et al., "Symptomatic Femoral Head Necrosis in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective Case-Control Study," Immunity, Inflammation and Disease, vol. 10, no. 6, p. e633, 2022.