Nur Riska Alfiyah Khasanah (1), Nurul Azizah (2), Evi Rinata (3), Yanik Purwanti (4)
General Background: Stunting remains a major public health concern, particularly in Indonesia, where nutritional deficiencies and maternal conditions contribute significantly to its prevalence. Specific Background: Maternal anemia, chronic energy deficiency, and short pregnancy spacing are identified as major maternal factors influencing childhood stunting. Knowledge Gap: However, the combined role of these maternal factors in determining stunting among toddlers is still underexplored in regional contexts. Aims: This study aims to analyze the association between maternal anemia, nutritional status, and pregnancy spacing with stunting incidence among toddlers in Jabon Community Health Center. Results: A cross-sectional design involving 96 toddlers aged 24–59 months revealed significant associations through chi-square tests (p=0.000 for all variables). Logistic regression showed maternal anemia (p=0.000; OR=244.6) and short pregnancy spacing (p=0.003; OR=17.5) as strong predictors of stunting, while nutritional status showed no significant effect (p=0.107). Novelty: The study highlights anemia during pregnancy as the most dominant determinant, with a risk 244 times higher for producing stunted children. Implications: These findings emphasize the importance of anemia prevention and reproductive health education as key interventions to reduce stunting prevalence, suggesting that early maternal care and optimal pregnancy spacing should be prioritized in public health programs.
Highlights:
Maternal anemia is the strongest determinant of stunting
Short pregnancy spacing significantly increases stunting risk
Nutritional status showed no significant multivariate effect
Keywords: Maternal Anemia, Pregnancy Spacing, Nutritional Status, Toddlers, Stunting
[1] M. Hastuty, U. Pahlawan, and T. Tambusai, “Hubungan Anemia Ibu Hamil Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Di UPTD Puskesmas Kampar Tahun 2018,” Journal Doopler, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 112–116, 2020.
[2] S. Handayani, F. Agusman, S. Estu Utomo, and M. Kebidanan Stikes Guna Bangsa Yogyakarta, “Kehamilan Pada Ibu Hamil Terhadap Kejadian Stunting,” Jurnal Kebidanan, vol. XIV, no. 02, pp. 102–214. [Online]. Available: www.ejurnal.stikeseub.ac.id
[3] P. Engla Pasalina, H. Fil Ihsan, and H. Devita, “Hubungan Riwayat Anemia Kehamilan Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Relationship Between A History Of Pregnancy Anemia And The Incidence Of Stunting In Toddlers.”
[4] H. Rahman, M. Rahmah, and N. Saribulan, “Upaya Penanganan Stunting Di Indonesia,” Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Suara Khatulistiwa (JIPSK), vol. VIII, no. 01, pp. 44–59, 2023.
[5] A. Boucot and G. Poinar Jr., “Stunting,” Fossil Behavior Compendium, vol. 5, pp. 243–243, 2010, doi: 10.1201/9781439810590-C34.
[6] D. T. Rahayu, P. Studi, S. Kebidanan, S. Karya, H. Kediri, and E. Wahyuntari, “Anemia Pada Kehamilan Dengan Kejadian Stunting Di Desa Gayam Kecamatan Gurah Kabupaten Kediri,” 2021, doi: 10.21070/midwiferia.v%vi%i.1319.
[7] I. Setiawati and T. Maulana, “Hubungan Riwayat Anemia Dan Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) Pada Ibu Hamil Dengan Kejadian Stunting,” Faletehan Health Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 8–15, 2024. [Online]. Available: www.journal.lppm-stikesfa.ac.id/ojs/index.php/fhj
[8] T. Widyapuspita, Y. Wardani, F. Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, and Y. Jalan Soepomo, “Hubungan Kasus Anemia Ibu Hamil Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita 0–59 Bulan Di Wilayah Desa Selopamioro Bantul Tahun 2022.”
[9] A. Berlian, “Hubungan Status Gizi Ibu Selama Hamil Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Bayi Usia 0–12 Bulan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kenjeran Surabaya.”
[10] I. Setiawati and T. Maulana, “Hubungan Riwayat Anemia Dan Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) Pada Ibu Hamil Dengan Kejadian Stunting,” Faletehan Health Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 8–15, 2024. [Online]. Available: www.journal.lppm-stikesfa.ac.id/ojs/index.php/fhj
[11] B. Dwi et al., “Hubungan Riwayat Ibu Hamil Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) Dengan Derajat Stunting Pada Anak Di Desa Mekar Sari Lombok Timur,” Nusantara Hasana Journal, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 62–66, 2023.
[12] M. Saehu et al., “Hubungan Status Gizi Dan Jarak Kehamilan Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mantrijeron Kota Yogyakarta.” [Online]. Available: https://jurnal.karyakesehatan.ac.id/jgi
[13] E. I. Padilla Siregar, Stikes Mitra Husada Medan, “Hubungan Jarak Kehamilan Dengan Kejadian Stunting Di Puskesmas Pargarutan Tapanuli Selatan Tahun 2023,” The Journal General Health And Pharmaceutical Sciences Research, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 22–27, 2023, doi: 10.57213/tjghpsr.v1i2.119.
[14] Hastuti, “Hubungan Anemia Ibu Hamil Dengan Stunting,” 2022.
[15] D. Oleh, R. Matahari, S. Km, M. Kes, D. Suryani, and S. Si, Peran Remaja Dalam Pencegahan Stunting, 2022.