Evaluation of The Effect of Aqueous Garlic Extract Against Candida Albicans and Candida Krusei Isolated From The Vagina
Evaluasi Pengaruh Ekstrak Bawang Putih Berair Terhadap Candida Albicans dan Candida Krusei yang Diisolasi Dari Vagina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.80Keywords:
Aqueous garlic extract, vaginal candida, antifungalAbstract
The research sought to identify a plant-based antifungal alternative that demonstrates an anti-candida effect. The study focused on isolating and identifying vaginal candida while also testing garlic aqueous extracts for their effectiveness against the pathogenesis of Candida infections. Twenty Candida isolates were collected from 25 vaginal swabs taken at private clinics. The diagnostic results indicated a 60% infection rate for Candida albicans and 40% for Candida krusei. The garlic aqueous extracts demonstrated varying levels of inhibition that rose with higher concentrations (100, 500, 1000 µg/ml), with the maximum inhibition diameter observed at 1000 µg/ml, measuring 33mm for C. albicans and 29mm for C. krusei. The inhibitory effective concentrations of the aqueous extracts were similar to those of widely used antifungals (fluconazole and nystatin).
Highlights:
- Identified Candida albicans (60%) and Candida krusei (40%) from vaginal swabs.
- Garlic aqueous extract showed dose-dependent antifungal activity against Candida species.
- 1000 µg/ml extract had inhibition comparable to fluconazole and nystatin.
Keywords: Aqueous garlic extract, vaginal candida, antifungal
References
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[2] J. Talapko, et al., "Candida Albicans—The Virulence Factors and Clinical Manifestations of Infection," J. Fungi, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 79, 2021.
[3] A. T. Abdullah and A. B. Al-Hawash, "Evaluation Study of Petroselinum Crispum Extract Toward Pathogenic Isolates of Candida," Vet. Med. Public Health J., vol. 5, 2024.
[4] A. T. Abdullah, F. N. Jafar, and A. A. Saleh, "Evaluation Study of Matricaria Chamomilla Extract Toward Pathogenic Isolates of Candida," in AIP Conf. Proc., AIP Publishing, 2022.
[5] S. R. Lockhart, "Current Epidemiology of Candida Infection," Clin. Microbiol. Newsl., vol. 36, no. 17, pp. 131–136, 2014.
[6] A. Arastehfar, et al., "Drug-Resistant Fungi: An Emerging Challenge Threatening Our Limited Antifungal Armamentarium," Antibiotics, vol. 9, no. 12, p. 877, 2020.
[7] J. O. Sekyere and J. Asante, "Emerging Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria and Fungi: Advances in the Era of Genomics," Future Microbiol., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 241–262, 2018.
[8] S. Li, et al., "Structural Characterization, Cytotoxicity, and the Antifungal Mechanism of a Novel Peptide Extracted from Garlic (Allium Sativa L.)," Molecules, vol. 28, no. 7, p. 3098, 2023.
[9] J. Jain, S. Tikare, and A. Mahuli, "Antifungal Activity of Ginger Extract on Candida Albicans: An In-Vitro Study," J. Dent. Sci. Res., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 18–21, 2011.
[10] D. H. Ellis, et al., Descriptions of Medical Fungi, 2nd ed. Adelaide, Australia: Univ. Adelaide, 2007.
[11] R. Cruickshank, J. P. Duguid, and R. H. A. Swain, Medical Microbiology: A Guide to the Laboratory Diagnosis and Control of Infection, London, UK: E. & S. Livingstone Ltd., 1965.
[12] K. Hammer, C. Carson, and T. Riley, "In Vitro Activity of Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea Tree) Oil Against Dermatophytes and Other Filamentous Fungi," J. Antimicrob. Chemother., vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 195–199, 2002.
[13] S. Singh, A. Kumar, and A. Kumar, "Species Identification, Antifungal Susceptibility Testing and Genetic Variability Among Candida Species Isolated from Clinical Samples," J. Drug Discov. Ther., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 1–11, 2013.
[14] S. A. Marinho, et al., "Identification of Candida spp. by Phenotypic Tests and PCR," Braz. J. Microbiol., vol. 41, pp. 286–294, 2010.
[15] Y. Zhang, et al., "The Gray Phenotype and Tristable Phenotypic Transitions in the Human Fungal Pathogen Candida Tropicalis," Fungal Genet. Biol., vol. 93, pp. 10–16, 2016.
[16] X. Lyu, et al., "Efficacy of Nystatin for the Treatment of Oral Candidiasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," Drug Des. Devel. Ther., pp. 1161–1171, 2016.
[17] H. Khalandi, et al., "Antifungal Activity of Capric Acid, Nystatin, and Fluconazole and Their In Vitro Interactions Against Candida Isolates from Neonatal Oral Thrush," Assay Drug Dev. Technol., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 195–201, 2020.
[18] R. D. De Castro, et al., "Antifungal Activity and Mode of Action of Thymol and Its Synergism with Nystatin Against Candida Species Involved with Infections in the Oral Cavity: An In Vitro Study," BMC Complement. Altern. Med., vol. 15, p. 1, 2015.
[19] W. Lee and D. G. Lee, "A Novel Mechanism of Fluconazole: Fungicidal Activity Through Dose-Dependent Apoptotic Responses in Candida Albicans," Microbiology, vol. 164, no. 2, pp. 194–204, 2018.
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Published
2025-01-30
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Abdullah, A. T. ., Al-Hawash , A. B. ., & Dhari, F. M. . (2025). Evaluation of The Effect of Aqueous Garlic Extract Against Candida Albicans and Candida Krusei Isolated From The Vagina: Evaluasi Pengaruh Ekstrak Bawang Putih Berair Terhadap Candida Albicans dan Candida Krusei yang Diisolasi Dari Vagina. Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine, 2(1), 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.80. https://doi.org/10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.80
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