The Pathophysiology of Heart Failure: A Review Article
Patofisiologi Gagal Jantung: Sebuah Artikel Ulasan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.82Keywords:
Pathophysiology, Heart Failure, ReviewAbstract
Heart failure (HF) continues to be a major issue in the US and around the world, leading to high rates of morbidity and death at a significant financial burden on healthcare. A basic comprehension of the processes that underlie the heart failure (HF) adaptive response has resulted in the identification of multiple channels of compensation, which have been the focus of medical and pharmacological treatments intended to lessen the debilitating condition. To increase HF patients' chances of survival, further research is required to find novel targets.
Highlights:
- Heart failure causes high morbidity, mortality, and financial burden.
- Understanding HF mechanisms aids medical and pharmacological interventions.
- Further research needed for novel treatment targets and improved survival.
Keywords: Pathophysiology, Heart Failure, Review
References
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[2]. E. Diederich, B. Behnke, P. McDonough, C. Kindig, T. Barstow, and D. Poole, "Dynamics of Microvascular Oxygen Partial Pressure in Contracting Skeletal Muscle of Rats with Chronic Heart Failure," in Cardiovascular Research, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 479-486, 2002.
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[7]. A. Groenewegen, F. H. Rutten, A. Mosterd, and A. W. Hoes, "Epidemiology of Heart Failure," in European Journal of Heart Failure, vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 1342-1356, 2020.
[8]. S. K. Jassim, Z. Abbass, and A. M. Tiryag, "A Study of Diabetes-Correlated Emotional Distress Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study," in Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 10-21070/acopen.9.2024.10292, 2024.
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[10]. Z. Abbass, S. K. Jassim, A.-F. Sadeq, S. Hafedh, A. M. Tiryag, and H. H. A. Al-Hadrawi, "Determination of Self-Efficacy Level: The Capacity of Patients with Hypertension to Manage Their Chronic Disease," in Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 10-21070/ijhsm.v1i2.15, 2024.
[11]. E. P. H., "The Health Care Economics of Heart Failure," in Heart Failure, vol. 14, pp. 10-18, 1998.
[12]. M. A. Mohammad, F. A. Jassim, and A. M. Tiryag, "Single-Use Flexible Ureteroscope for the Treatment of Renal Stone," in Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension, vol. 18, no. 7, 2023.
[13]. D. M. Lloyd-Jones, M. G. Larson, E. P. Leip, A. Beiser, R. B. D’Agostino, W. B. Kannel, et al., "Lifetime Risk for Developing Congestive Heart Failure: The Framingham Heart Study," in Circulation, vol. 106, no. 24, pp. 3068-3072, 2002.
[14]. M. Mohammad, F. Jassim, and A. Tiryag, "Retrograde Intrarenal Lithotripsy Using Disposable Flexible Ureteroscope," in Georgian Medical News, vol. 348, pp. 44-46, 2024.
[15]. N. Y. H. A. Committee, "Nomenclature and Criteria for Diagnosis of Diseases of the Heart and Great Vessels," Little, Brown Medical Division, 1979.
[16]. A. A. A. Al-Iedan, M. A. Akber, S. B. Dawood, A. I. H. Alobaidi, S. S. Issa, and H. H. A. Raaoof, "Bridging the Gap: Enhancing Open Fracture Care in Emergency Nursing," in Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 10-21070/acopen.9.2024.8847, 2024.
[17]. C. R. M., "Effect of Metoprolol CR/XL in Chronic Heart Failure," in The Lancet, vol. 353, pp. 2001-2007, 1999.
[18]. M. A. Mohammad, A. Y. Al-Timary, and A. M. Tiryag, "Safety of Tubeless Double Access Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Compared to Single Access Approach," in Bahrain Medical Bulletin, vol. 45, no. 2, 2023.
[19]. S. A. Hunt, D. W. Baker, M. H. Chin, M. P. Cinquegrani, A. M. Feldman, G. S. Francis, et al., "ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult," in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 2101-2113, 2001.
[20]. K. M. Jassim, A. S. Khudhair, and S. B. Dawood, "Nurses’ Knowledge About Electrocardiogram Interpretation: A Cross-Sectional Study," in Rawal Medical Journal, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 850, 2023.
[21]. R. B. Stephenson, "Overview of Cardiovascular Function," in Cunningham JG, Klein BG, Textbook of Veterinary Physiology, 4th ed., Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 2007, pp. 178-191.
[22]. Z. S. Dawood, K. M. Jassim, A. M. Tiryag, and A. S. Khudhair, "Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Cross-Sectional Study," Bahrain Medical Bulletin, vol. 45, no. 4, 2023.
[23]. L. S. Lilly, Pathophysiology of Heart Disease: A Collaborative Project of Medical Students and Faculty. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012.
[24]. M. Jabbar, M. Mohammad, and A. Tiryag, "Changes in Male Reproductive Hormones in Patients with COVID-19," Georgian Medical News, no. 342, pp. 42-46, 2023.
[25]. S. Billinger, "Cardiovascular Regulation After Stroke: Evidence of Impairment, Trainability, and Implications for Rehabilitation," Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 22-24, 2010.
[26]. M. A. Akber, A. M. Tiryag, and A. Alobaidi, "Nurses’ Knowledge Concerning Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Cross-Sectional Study," American Journal of Pediatric Medicine and Health Sciences, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 155-160, 2024.
[27]. N. Westerhof and M. F. O'Rourke, "The Hemodynamic Basis for the Development of Left Ventricular Failure in Systolic Hypertension and Its Logical Therapy," Journal of Hypertension, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 943-952, 1995.
[28]. M. A. Mohammad, H. H. Abdul-Ra’aoof, K. A. Razzaq Manahi, and A. M. Tiryag, "Parents’ Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Testicular Torsion," Bahrain Medical Bulletin, vol. 46, no. 1, 2024.
[29]. C. S. Lee and N. C. Tkacs, "Current Concepts of Neurohormonal Activation in Heart Failure: Mediators and Mechanisms," AACN Advanced Critical Care, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 364-385, 2008.
[30]. A. M. Tiryag, S. B. Dawood, and S. K. Jassim, "Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes About Enteral Feeding Complications by Nasogastric Tube in Intensive Care Units," Rawal Medical Journal, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 689-, 2023.
[31]. P. S. Chaggar, C. J. Malkin, S. M. Shaw, S. G. Williams, and K. S. Channer, "Neuroendocrine Effects on the Heart and Targets for Therapeutic Manipulation in Heart Failure," Cardiovascular Therapeutics, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 187-193, Sep. 2009.
[32]. M. A. Akber, A. M. Tiryag, and A. I. Alobaidi, "Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Cast Complications of Limb Fractures: A Cross-Sectional Study," Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 195-200, Apr. 2024.
[33]. C. W. Curry et al., "Mechanical Dyssynchrony in Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Intraventricular Conduction Delay as Depicted by 3D-Tagged Magnetic Resonance Imaging," Circulation, vol. 101, no. 1, p. e2, Jan. 2000.
[34]. H. M. Sabty, S. B. Dawood, and A. M. Tiryag, "Nurses’ Knowledge and Practices on Influenza Vaccination for Pregnant Women," Jurnal Kebidanan Midwiferia, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 50-59, Oct. 2024.
[35]. H. N. Kim and J. L. Januzzi Jr., "Natriuretic Peptide Testing in Heart Failure," Circulation, vol. 123, no. 18, pp. 2015-2019, May 2011.
[36]. E. H. Rahi, Z. M. Al-Hejaj, and A. M. Tiryag, "Nurses' Knowledge of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study," Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 10-21070, Jun. 2024.
[37]. C. M. Boulanger, "Secondary Endothelial Dysfunction: Hypertension and Heart Failure," Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 39-49, Jan. 1999.
[38]. A. M. Tiryag, "Revitalizing Hearts: The Transformative Impact of Pacemaker Therapy on Cardiac Conduction Disorders," Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 10-21070, Jun. 2024.
[39]. D. Chen, C. Assad-Kottner, C. Orrego, and G. Torre-Amione, "Cytokines and Acute Heart Failure," Critical Care Medicine, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. S9-S16, Jan. 2008.
[40]. A. M. Tiryag, "Revitalizing Hearts: The Transformative Impact of Pacemaker Therapy on Cardiac Conduction Disorders," *Academia Open*, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 10-21070, Jun. 2024.
[41]. H. S. A., "2009 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: Developed in Collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation," *Circulation*, vol. 119, pp. e391-e479, 2009.
[42]. H. H. Abdul-Ra’aoof, M. A. Akber, F. A. Jassim, A. M. Tiryag, S. S. Issa, M. A. Atiyah, J. A. Mezail, and I. S. Hassan, "The Psychological Impact of Violence on Emergency Department and Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study," *Research Journal of Trauma and Disability Studies*, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 228-233, Apr. 2024.
[43]. M. Y. Henein, Ed., *Heart Failure in Clinical Practice*. Springer Science & Business Media, Aug. 2010.
[44]. I. H. Zainel, H. H. Abdul-Ra'aoof, and A. M. Tiryag, "Mothers' Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Her Children with Neonatal Jaundice: A Cross-Sectional Study," *Health Education and Health Promotion*, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 565-570, Jul. 2022.
[45]. L. Hansen, M. Burks, M. Kingman, and T. Stewart, "Volume Management in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients: An Expert Pulmonary Hypertension Clinician Perspective," *Pulmonary Therapy*, vol. 4, pp. 13-27, Jun. 2018.
[46]. H. H. Abdul-Ra’aoof, S. B. Dawood, F. A. Jassim, S. K. Jassim, S. S. Issa, M. A. Akber, and M. A. Atiyah, "Moderate Proficiency in Suture Techniques Among Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study," *Journal of Nursing Education and Practice*, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 50-58, 2024.
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Published
2024-07-31
How to Cite
Hussein, W. F. . (2024). The Pathophysiology of Heart Failure: A Review Article: Patofisiologi Gagal Jantung: Sebuah Artikel Ulasan. Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine, 1(1), 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.82. https://doi.org/10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.82
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