Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine

L-Carnitine Treatment of Adult Rats With Busulfan-Induced Oligospermia

Fahad Saber Owain, Elham Ahmed Mejbel, Rana Salim Farhan, Eman Naji Saleh — Tue, 29 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of L-carnitine treatment on adult rats that had busulfan-induced oligospermia. In our experiment, we used twenty-one adult male rats, each weighing around 200 g. Three groups of rats were used for the experiments: The first set of subjects, called the control group, had DMSO administered intraperitoneally and 1 mL of pure water gavaged orally once daily. The second group received 20 mg/kg of busulfan (Bus) administered IP once daily along with a daily oral gavage of 1 ml of distilled water. The third set of subjects received a single I.P. of busulfan along with L-carnitine (L-car) and busulfan administered orally. One day after busulfan injection, L-carnitine were administered for a duration of 28 days at 350 mg/kg.bw. After dissecting, the epididymis and testis were meticulously removed and weighed, along with any excess fat and blood. The spermatozoa were taken from the removed caudal epididymis and incubated in PBS medium containing at 37C for 5 minutes, this used for counting and checking abnormalities. MDA and GSH were also estimated in testes tissues by using HPLC. The administration of BU resulted in a substantially testes weight, and relative testes weight (p <.05) as compared to the control group. testes weight, and relative testes weight were all markedly improved with L-carnitine administration as compared to G2. after administering BU, sperm count and motility were significantly lower (p <.05) compared to G1. There was a significant improvement in motility, sperm count, and abnormalities with L-carnitine administration compared to G2. after BU was administered, MDA were considerably higher and GSH significantly lower (p <.05) as compared to G1. The results of measuring oxidative stress indicators were dramatically improved with L-carnitine administration when contrasted with G2. In conclusion, Busulfan may have a negative impact on male fertility if taken alone, but when combined with L-carnitine, the drug's cytotoxic effects can be mitigated, protecting both testis and semen.

Highlights:

L-carnitine Treatment: Significantly improved testis weight and sperm quality in busulfan-treated rats.
Oxidative Stress Reduction: L-carnitine mitigated increased MDA levels and restored GSH in testicular tissue.
Fertility Protection: Co-administration of L-carnitine reduced the cytotoxic effects of busulfan on male fertility.

Keywords: L-carnitine, busulfan, oligospermia, male fertility, oxidative stress

Hyperactivity Disorders: An Assessment of Kindergarten Teachers' Knowledge

Mohammed Kadhim Mutashar, Kadhim Jawad Awad, Maher Abdulameer Atiyah — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 22:54:23 +0000

Background: The symptoms of hyperactivity disorder include unpredictable, involuntary, and inappropriate movements that occur due to organic or psychological factors, as well as attention deficit disorder. Hyperactivity disorder is characterised by physical movements that surpass the normal or acceptable limit. Objective: The aim of the present study is to assess the kindergartens teachers knowledge regarding hyperactivity disorders in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Basrah kindergartens between November 2022 and the start of April 2023. A questionnaire was used to gather data for this study, which involved 60 sample (female) kindergarten instructors. The results were then statistically examined. Results: Sixty percent of the participants in this research were between the ages of 20 and 29. 43.3% possess a diploma in education. Of the participants, 81.7% had not undergone any training courses on hyperactivity condition, and 63.3% have 1–5 years of experience. Conclusion: The study concluded that teachers have adequate knowledge about hyperactivity disorder.

Highlights:

Hyperactivity disorder causes excessive, involuntary, and inappropriate movements.
Assess kindergarten teachers’ knowledge of hyperactivity disorder.
Teachers show adequate knowledge, but training is limited.

Keywords: Kindergartens, Hyperactivity, Knowledge. Disorder, Teacher, Assessment

Determination of Self-Efficacy Level: The Capacity of Patients with Hypertension to Manage their Chronic Disease

Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: One psychological idea frequently connected to treating chronic illnesses, such as hypertension, is self-efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of hypertensive patients to manage their chronic condition and to determine the link between participants' socio-demographic factors and their self-efficacy in controlling hypertension. Methods: A correlational descriptive design was implemented from October 2022 to March 2024. The study sample was purposive (non-probability), consisting of 171 patients with hypertension. Data were gathered via a Google Form, which includes a socio-demographic data section and the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale (SES6C). Results: A modest level of self-efficacy among hypertension patients was statistically validated, including 58% of the study population. Equally important, a statistically significant inverse association exists between participants' age and their self-efficacy in controlling hypertension (r = -.250 at p = 0.01). Furthermore, a statistically significant disparity exists in the self-efficacy of hypertension management across gender groups (p-value = .041), age categories (p-value = .000), reading groups (p-value = .032), marital status categories (p-value = .000), follow-up groups (p-value = .000), and exercise groups (p-value = .000). Conclusion: The study's findings indicate a statistically significant difference and link between socio-demographic variables and self-efficacy in treating hypertension. This indicates that self-efficacy in controlling hypertension is a multifaceted notion, and a singular component cannot dictate its trajectory. It is, instead, a result of the interplay of various elements, such as age, gender, experience, and education.

Highlights:

Assess socio-demographic factors' impact on self-efficacy in hypertension management.
Correlational design with 171 hypertensive patients via SES6C scale.
Self-efficacy in hypertension control is influenced by diverse socio-demographic factors.

Keywords: Self-Efficacy, Hypertension, Chronic Disease, Capacity, Patients

Association Between Venous Thrombosis (VT) and Pregnancy: A Literature Review

Noor Salman Dalis — Mon, 18 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The incidence of VTE varies across countries, with Eastern regions generally reporting lower rates. In pregnancy, a combination of intrinsic factors, such as hormonal changes, increased blood clotting tendency, and genetic predispo-sitions, along with environmental factors like lifestyle and healthcare access, can trigger VTE through various, often overlapping mechanisms. The precise role of certain risk factors and their interactions during pregnancy remains un-clear and warrants further study. Ongoing research into pregnancy-related VTE is crucial due to the considerable number of idiopathic cases and the need to refine risk stratification methods. Understanding how different risk factors interact during pregnancy can lead to more effective prevention strategies and targeted treatments. As new risk factors are identified, they may help clarify the underlying mechanisms of VTE in pregnancy, particularly in cases where the cause is unknown. Additionally, improving risk stratification not only helps prevent the initial occurrence of VTE in pregnant women but also plays a vital role in reducing the likelihood of recurrence, ultimately leading to better out-comes for both the mother and the child, as well as more efficient use of healthcare resources.

Highlights:

VTE in Pregnancy: Hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors contribute.
Research Needs: Clarify interactions, refine risk stratification, prevent idiopathic cases.
Outcomes: Better maternal-child health, reduced recurrence, efficient healthcare use.

Keywords: Venous thrombosis, Thrombosis, Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis, Coagulation, pregnancy.