Biochemistry of Sleep Quality and Daytime Sleepiness for Employees and University Students

Biokimia Kualitas Tidur dan Rasa Kantuk di Siang Hari untuk Karyawan dan Mahasiswa

Authors

  • Tadamoun Sabah Yunus Department of Basic Science, College of Nursing, University of Basrah, Basrah

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.140

Keywords:

Biochemistry, Sleep Quality, Daytime Sleepiness, Employees, University Students

Abstract

Background: In the brain, neurotransmitters and hormones interact intricately to control sleep.  While adenosine builds up over time to cause tiredness, neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine encourage wakefulness.  Objectives: Measuring the impact of a lack of sleep on daytime sleepiness and daily performance and identifying factors affecting sleep, such as psychological stress, working hours, and daily habits. Methods: This study employs a descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional design. To measure daytime sleepiness and sleep quality, 150 college students were given a self-administered questionnaire.  Data on sleep habits and their relationships can be gathered at a single point in time according to the study's cross-sectional design.  Descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized to examine the replies, and convenience sampling was employed. Results: Based on the overall statistical results, which include the descriptive statistics for the mean score of 1.52 and a standard deviation of 0.175, the final assessment of sleep quality for individuals is classified as "Bad" This indicates that the majority of participants are experiencing poor sleep quality, as reflected by the mean score falling within the "Bad" range.  Conclusion: This indicates that the majority of participants are experiencing poor sleep quality, as reflected by the mean score falling within the Bad range.

Highlights:

  1. Neurotransmitters and hormones regulate sleep and wakefulness in the brain.
  2. Cross-sectional survey of 150 students using descriptive, inferential statistics.
  3. Most participants showed poor sleep quality with high daytime sleepiness.

Keywords: Biochemistry, Sleep Quality, Daytime Sleepiness, Employees, University Students

References

[1] N. J. Evans, D. S. Forney, F. M. Guido, L. D. Patton, and K. A. Renn, Student Development in College: Theory, Research, and Practice. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 2009.

[2] L. Foulkes, D. McMillan, and A. M. Gregory, "A bad night’s sleep on campus: An interview study of first-year university students with poor sleep quality," Sleep Health, vol. 5, pp. 280–287, 2019.

[3] M. Cleary, G. Walter, and D. Jackson, "‘Not always smooth sailing’: Mental health issues associated with the transition from high school to college," Issues Ment. Health Nurs., vol. 32, pp. 250–254, 2011.

[4] I. G. Franzoi, F. D’Ovidio, G. Costa, A. d’Errico, and A. Granieri, "Self-rated health and psychological distress among emerging adults in Italy: A comparison between data on university students, young workers and working students collected through the 2005 and 2013 National Health Surveys," Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 18, p. 6403, 2021.

[5] B. Deforche, D. Van Dyck, T. Deliens, and I. De Bourdeaudhuij, "Changes in weight, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and dietary intake during the transition to higher education: A prospective study," Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act., vol. 12, p. 16, 2015.

[6] S. Keller, J. E. Maddock, W. Hannöver, J. R. Thyrian, and H.-D. Basler, "Multiple health risk behaviors in German first-year university students," Prev. Med., vol. 46, pp. 189–195, 2008.

[7] K. Peltzer and S. Pengpid, "Sleep duration and health correlates among university students in 26 countries," Psychol. Health Med., vol. 21, pp. 208–220, 2016.

[8] A. Steptoe, V. Peacey, and J. Wardle, "Sleep duration and health in young adults," Arch. Intern. Med., vol. 166, pp. 1689–1692, 2006.

[9] A. A. Schlarb, M. Claßen, J. Grünwald, and C. Vögele, "Sleep disturbances and mental strain in university students: Results from an online survey in Luxembourg and Germany," Int. J. Ment. Health Syst., vol. 11, p. 24, 2017.

[10] S. P. Becker, M. A. Jarrett, A. M. Luebbe, A. A. Garner, G. L. Burns, and M. J. Kofler, "Sleep in a large, multi-university sample of college students: Sleep problem prevalence, sex differences, and mental health correlates," Sleep Health, vol. 4, pp. 174–181, 2018.

[11] M. Hirshkowitz et al., "National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: Methodology and results summary," Sleep Health, vol. 1, pp. 40–43, 2015.

[12] T. L. Barone, "‘Sleep is on the back burner’: Working students and sleep," Soc. Sci. J., vol. 54, pp. 159–167, 2017.

[13] C. A. Brown, P. Qin, and S. Esmail, "‘Sleep? Maybe later…’ A cross-campus survey of university students and sleep practices," Educ. Sci., vol. 7, p. 66, 2017.

[14] S. Hershner, "Is sleep a luxury that college students cannot afford?" Sleep Health, vol. 1, pp. 13–14, 2015.

[15] M. D. Toscano-Hermoso, F. Arbinaga, E. J. Fernández-Ozcorta, J. Gómez-Salgado, and C. Ruiz-Frutos, "Influence of sleeping patterns in health and academic performance among university students," Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 17, p. 2760, 2020.

[16] G. Curcio, M. Ferrara, and L. De Gennaro, "Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance," Sleep Med. Rev., vol. 10, pp. 323–337, 2006.

[17] G. Hasler et al., "The association between short sleep duration and obesity in young adults: A 13-year prospective study," Sleep, vol. 27, pp. 661–666, 2004.

[18] D. M. McMahon et al., "Relationships between chronotype, social jetlag, sleep, obesity, and blood pressure in healthy young adults," Chronobiol. Int., vol. 36, pp. 493–509, 2019.

[19] F. P. Cappuccio, L. D’Elia, P. Strazzullo, and M. A. Miller, "Quantity and quality of sleep and incidence of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis," Diabetes Care, vol. 33, pp. 414–420, 2010.

[20] J. Dinis and M. Bragança, "Quality of sleep and depression in college students: A systematic review," Sleep Sci., vol. 11, pp. 290–301, 2018.

[21] S. D. Hershner and R. D. Chervin, "Causes and consequences of sleepiness among college students," Nat. Sci. Sleep, vol. 6, pp. 73–84, 2014.

[22] W. Li, J. Yin, X. Cai, X. Cheng, and Y. Wang, "Association between sleep duration and quality and depressive symptoms among university students: A cross-sectional study," PLoS ONE, vol. 15, p. e0238811, 2020.

[23] P. Zou et al., "Poorer sleep quality correlated with mental health problems in college students: A longitudinal observational study among 686 males," J. Psychosom. Res., vol. 136, p. 110177, 2020.

[24] D. Pagnin et al., "The relation between burnout and sleep disorders in medical students," Acad. Psychiatry, vol. 38, pp. 438–444, 2014.

[25] J. M. Clinton et al., "Biochemical regulation of sleep and sleep biomarkers," J. Clin. Sleep Med., vol. 7, no. 5 Suppl, pp. S38–S42, 2011.

[26] S. S. Hamid, A. F. Kareem, A. M. Tiryag, and H. H. Abdul-Ra’aoof, "A study regarding the basic anatomy and physiology of the eye among nursing students: A cross-sectional study," Indones. J. Health Sci. Med., vol. 2, no. 2, Apr. 2025.

[27] A. M. Tiryag and H. H. Atiyah, "Nurses' knowledge toward obesity in Al-Basra city," Ann. Rom. Soc. Cell Biol., vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 4667–4673, 2021.

[28] A. M. Tiryag and H. H. Atiyah, "Nurses’ knowledge toward bariatric surgery at surgical wards at teaching hospitals in Al-Basra city," Indian J. Forensic Med. Toxicol., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 5152–5159, Jun. 2021.

[29] I. H. Zainel, H. H. Abdul-Ra'aoof, and A. M. Tiryag, "Mothers' knowledge and attitudes towards her children with neonatal jaundice: A cross-sectional study," Health Educ. Health Promot., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 565–570, Jul. 2022.

[30] E. H. Rahi, Z. M. Al-Hejaj, and A. M. Tiryag, "Nurses' knowledge of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study," Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 10–21070, Jun. 2024.

[31] A. M. Tiryag, "Revitalizing hearts: The transformative impact of pacemaker therapy on cardiac conduction disorders," Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 10–21070, Jun. 2024.

[32] H. M. Sabty, S. B. Dawood, and A. M. Tiryag, "Nurses’ knowledge and practices on influenza vaccination for pregnant women," J. Kebidanan Midwiferia, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 50–59, Oct. 2024.

[33] M. A. Akber, A. M. Tiryag, and A. I. Alobaidi, "Nurses’ knowledge regarding cast complications of limb fractures: A cross-sectional study," Cent. Asian J. Med. Nat. Sci., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 195–200, Apr. 2024.

[34] M. A. Mohammad, H. H. Abdul-Ra’aoof, K. A. Razzaq Manahi, and A. M. Tiryag, "Parents’ knowledge and attitudes toward testicular torsion," Bahrain Med. Bull., vol. 46, no. 1, Mar. 2024.

[35] M. A. Akber, A. M. Tiryag, and A. I. Alobaidi, "Nurses’ knowledge concerning developmental dysplasia of the hip: A cross-sectional study," Am. J. Pediatr. Med. Health Sci., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 155–160, 2024.

[36] A. A. Al-Iedan et al., "Bridging the gap: Enhancing open fracture care in emergency nursing," Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 10–21070, Jun. 2024.

[37] M. Jabbar, M. Mohammad, and A. Tiryag, "Changes in male reproductive hormones in patients with COVID-19," Georgian Med. News, no. 342, pp. 42–46, Sep. 2023.

[38] M. A. Mohammad, A. Y. Al-Timary, and A. M. Tiryag, "Safety of tubeless double access percutaneous nephrolithotomy compared to single access approach," Bahrain Med. Bull., vol. 45, no. 2, Jun. 2023.

[39] M. Mohammad, F. Jassim, and A. Tiryag, "Retrograde intrarenal lithotripsy using disposable flexible ureteroscope," Georgian Med. News, no. 348, pp. 44–46, Mar. 2024.

[40] M. F. Hasan, W. F. Hussein, A. M. Tiryag, I. J. Ali, and Z. M. Shaker, "Nurses’ knowledge toward lower back pain: A cross-sectional study," Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 10–..., Jun. 2024.

[41] M. A. Mohammad, F. A. Jassim, and A. M. Tiryag, "Single-Use Flexible Ureteroscope for the Treatment of Renal Stone," Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension, vol. 18, no. 7, Dec. 2023.

[42] F. A. Jassim, A. M. Tiryag, and S. S. Issa, "Effect of Bad Habits on the Growth of School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study," Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 10-21070, Jul. 2024.

[43] Z. Abbass, S. K. Jassim, A. F. Sadeq, S. Hafedh, A. M. Tiryag, and H. H. Al-Hadrawi, "Determination of Self-Efficacy Level: The Capacity of Patients with Hypertension to Manage Their Chronic Disease," Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 10-21070, Nov. 2024.

[44] S. K. Jassim, Z. Abbass, and A. M. Tiryag, "A Study of Diabetes Correlated Emotional Distress Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study," Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 10-21070, Oct. 2024.

[45] A. M. Tiryag, "Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Pacemaker: A Cross-Sectional Study," Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 10-21070, Jun. 2024.

[46] K. Spiegel, R. Leproult, M. L’Hermite-Balériaux, G. Copinschi, P. D. Penev, and E. Van Cauter, "Leptin Levels Are Dependent on Sleep Duration: Relationships with Sympathovagal Balance, Carbohydrate Regulation, Cortisol, and Thyrotropin," The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 89, no. 11, pp. 5762–5771, Nov. 2004.

[47] M. Walker, Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams, New York, NY, USA: Simon and Schuster, Oct. 2017.

[48] T. Arora and S. Taheri, "Sleep Optimization and Diabetes Control: A Review of the Literature," Diabetes Therapy, vol. 6, pp. 425–468, Dec. 2015.

[49] L. Besedovsky, T. Lange, and M. Haack, "The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease," Physiological Reviews, Mar. 28, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00010.2018

[50] M. Dattilo, H. K. Antunes, A. Medeiros, M. M. Neto, H. D. Souza, S. Tufik, and M. T. de Mello, "Sleep and Muscle Recovery: Endocrinological and Molecular Basis for a New and Promising Hypothesis," Medical Hypotheses, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 220–222, Aug. 2011.

[51] P. E. Peppard, T. Young, M. Palta, and J. Skatrud, "Prospective Study of the Association Between Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Hypertension," New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 342, no. 19, pp. 1378–1384, May 2000.

[52] T. B. Kendzerska, P. M. Smith, R. Brignardello-Petersen, R. S. Leung, and G. A. Tomlinson, "Evaluation of the Measurement Properties of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale: A Systematic Review," Sleep Medicine Reviews, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 321–331, Aug. 2014.

Downloads

Published

2025-04-25

How to Cite

Yunus, T. S. (2025). Biochemistry of Sleep Quality and Daytime Sleepiness for Employees and University Students: Biokimia Kualitas Tidur dan Rasa Kantuk di Siang Hari untuk Karyawan dan Mahasiswa. Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.140

Issue

Section

Articles

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.