Monocyte Levels, Education, and Consanguinity Associated With Miscarriage Risk

Tingkat Monosit, Pendidikan, dan Konsanguitas Berhubungan dengan Risiko Keguguran

Authors

  • Fatima Sadiq Azeez Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Thi-Qar, 64001
  • Ali Naeem Salman Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Thi-Qar, 64001

Keywords:

Miscarriage, Monocytes, Consanguinity, Educational Level, Hematological Parameters

Abstract

Background: Miscarriage remains a major public health concern with multifactorial etiology encompassing biological, social, and environmental influences. Specific Background: While numerous studies have examined hormonal, chromosomal, and nutritional contributors, the role of hematological and socio-demographic factors such as monocyte activity, consanguinity, and education level is underexplored. Knowledge Gap: The diagnostic and predictive significance of these variables in spontaneous abortion remains unclear. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association between miscarriage and hematological parameters—particularly monocyte and platelet counts—as well as consanguinity and educational status. Results: Analysis of 100 participants (50 miscarriage cases and 50 controls) revealed a statistically significant elevation in monocyte count (P = 0.004) among miscarriage cases, while other parameters such as platelet count, RBC, Hb, and MCV showed no significant differences. Additionally, consanguinity (P = 0.04) and lower education levels (P = 0.026) were significantly associated with miscarriage incidence. Novelty: The study provides novel evidence supporting monocyte elevation and socio-demographic risks as contributory factors in miscarriage. Implications: These findings suggest the potential for monocyte levels and socio-educational context to serve as supplementary markers for miscarriage risk, advocating for integrated hematological and socio-demographic screening in early prenatal care.

Highlights:

  • Monocyte elevation was significantly linked to miscarriage cases, suggesting a possible inflammatory response.
  • Consanguineous marriage showed a statistically significant association with higher miscarriage rates.
  • Low educational attainment was strongly correlated with increased risk of miscarriage, highlighting the role of socio-demographic factors.

Keywords: Miscarriage, Monocytes, Consanguinity, Educational Level, Hematological Parameters

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Published

2025-07-02

How to Cite

Azeez, F. S., & Salman, A. N. (2025). Monocyte Levels, Education, and Consanguinity Associated With Miscarriage Risk: Tingkat Monosit, Pendidikan, dan Konsanguitas Berhubungan dengan Risiko Keguguran. Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine, 2(1), 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i1.182. Retrieved from https://ijhsm.umsida.ac.id/index.php/ijhsm/article/view/182

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): July

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Copyright (c) 2025 Fatima Sadiq Azeez, Ali Naeem Salman

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