Impact of Parental Divorce on Juvenile Delinquency: A Review
Dampak Perceraian Orang Tua terhadap Kenakalan Remaja: Sebuah Tinjauan
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(1) * Nuha Saeed Kadhim
Department of Community Health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Basrah
Iraq
(2) Noor Salah Shreef Department of Community Health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Basrah
Iraq
(3) Duha Majid Abdulrahem Department of Community of Health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Basrah
Iraq
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Delinquency among young people has become more prevalent and has affected their families, communities, and quality of life, all of which have contributed significantly to the problem. Parents are essential to a child's growth because they give them the support they need to deal with life's challenges. Parental effectiveness is believed to be a key factor in deciding the results for children of divorced parents, and divorce can have a substantial impact on a child's development. The purpose of this essay is to investigate how serious delinquency in teenagers is impacted by divorce or separation and how parental efficacy may mitigate this impact. Other significant factors contributing to divorce rates, according to Iraqi officials, are early marriages, broader economic challenges, and adultery fostered by modern technologies. In 2021, the 42-million-person nation's courts granted about 73,000 divorces, which is essentially the same number as in 2018. This represents an increase from an average of a little less than 51,700 annually between 2004 and 2014. There were 681 terrorist-related criminals, 601 thieves, and the fewest number of offenders (146) involved in narcotics offenses. With a total of 1453 criminals and a percentage of 64.9%, the 12–14 age group led the crime rate, followed by the 17–15-year-old group with 486 criminals and a rate of 21.7%, and the 9–11-year-old group with 300 criminals and a rate of 13.4%.
Highlights:
- Teen Delinquency & Divorce: Divorce impacts youth delinquency; parental efficacy mitigates effects.
- Divorce Causes: Early marriage, economy, and technology-driven adultery increase divorce rates.
- Crime Statistics: Ages 12–14 lead crime rates; theft and terrorism most common.
Keywords: Impact, Parental Divorce, Juvenile Delinquency
References
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[2]. M. F. Hasan, W. F. Hussein, A. M. Tiryag, I. J. Ali, and Z. M. Shaker, "Nurses’ Knowledge Toward Lower Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study," Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 10–21070, Jun. 2024.
[3]. United Nations, "United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency," Available: [Online]. Accessed: June 18, 2021.
[4]. F. A. Jassim, A. M. Tiryag, and S. S. Issa, "Effect of Bad Habits on the Growth of School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study," Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 10–21070, Jul. 2024.
[5]. A. Khan and H. Rehman, "Impact of Divorce on Children: The Main Reason of Juvenile Crime and Child Labor," SSRN, Oct. 2017.
[6]. S. K. Jassim, Z. Abbass, and A. M. Tiryag, "A Study of Diabetes Correlated Emotional Distress Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study," Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 10–21070, Oct. 2024.
[7]. W. E. Donges Jr, "How Do Former Juvenile Delinquents Describe Their Educational Experiences: A Case Study," Journal of Correctional Education (1974-), vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 75–90, May 2015.
[8]. Z. Abbass, S. K. Jassim, A. F. Sadeq, S. Hafedh, A. M. Tiryag, and H. H. Al-Hadrawi, "Determination of Self-Efficacy Level: The Capacity of Patients with Hypertension to Manage Their Chronic Disease," Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 10–21070, Nov. 2024.
[9]. S. A. Burt, A. R. Barnes, M. McGue, and W. G. Iacono, "Parental Divorce and Adolescent Delinquency: Ruling Out the Impact of Common Genes," Developmental Psychology, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 1668, Nov. 2008.
[10]. M. A. Mohammad, F. A. Jassim, and A. M. Tiryag, "Single-Use Flexible Ureteroscope for the Treatment of Renal Stone," Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension, vol. 18, no. 7, Dec. 2023.
[11]. W. Frimmel, M. Halla, and R. Winter-Ebmer, "How Does Parental Divorce Affect Children’s Long-Term Outcomes?" Journal of Public Economics, vol. 239, p. 105201, Nov. 2024.
[12]. M. Mohammad, F. Jassim, and A. Tiryag, "Retrograde Intrarenal Lithotripsy Using Disposable Flexible Ureteroscope," Georgian Medical News, vol. 348, pp. 44–46, Mar. 2024.
[13]. B. D’Onofrio and R. Emery, "Parental Divorce or Separation and Children's Mental Health," World Psychiatry, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 100, Feb. 2019.
[14]. A. A. Al-Iedan et al., "Bridging the Gap: Enhancing Open Fracture Care in Emergency Nursing," Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 10–21070, Jun. 2024.
[15]. C. Kleinsorge and L. M. Covitz, "Impact of Divorce on Children: Developmental Considerations," Pediatrics in Review, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 147–155, Apr. 2012.
[16]. M. A. Mohammad, A. Y. Al-Timary, and A. M. Tiryag, "Safety of Tubeless Double Access Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Compared to Single Access Approach," Bahrain Medical Bulletin, vol. 45, no. 2, Jun. 2023.
[17]. B. Amani et al., "Families and the Juvenile Justice System: Considerations for Family-Based Interventions," Family & Community Health, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 55–63, Jan. 2018.
[18]. A. M. Tiryag, "Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Pacemaker: A Cross-Sectional Study," Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 10–21070, Jun. 2024.
[19]. MST Services, "MST Partners with Provider Organizations and Service Systems to Treat At-Risk Youth," Nov. 2018.
[20]. M. Jabbar, M. Mohammad, and A. Tiryag, "Changes in Male Reproductive Hormones in Patients with COVID-19," Georgian Medical News, vol. 342, pp. 42–46, Sep. 2023.
[21]. E. B. Elbogen et al., "Protective Factors and Risk Modification of Violence in Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans," The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, vol. 73, no. 6, Jun. 2012.
[22]. M. A. Akber, A. M. Tiryag, and A. I. Alobaidi, "Nurses’ Knowledge Concerning Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Cross-Sectional Study," American Journal of Pediatric Medicine and Health Sciences, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 155–160, 2024.
[23]. A. Aazami, R. Valek, A. N. Ponce, and H. Zare, "Risk and Protective Factors and Interventions for Reducing Juvenile Delinquency: A Systematic Review," Social Sciences, vol. 12, no. 9, p. 474, Aug. 2023.
[24]. M. A. Mohammad, H. H. Abdul-Ra’aoof, K. A. Razzaq Manahi, and A. M. Tiryag, "Parents’ Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Testicular Torsion," Bahrain Medical Bulletin, vol. 46, no. 1, Mar. 2024.
[25]. A. Murtaza, Y. N. Manj, A. H. Hashmi, M. U. Zara, M. Akhtar, and A. Asfand, "Causes Leading to Juvenile Delinquency: A Case Study Conducted at Punjab, Pakistan," Khaldunia-Journal of Social Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 41–52, Dec. 2021.
[26]. M. A. Akber, A. M. Tiryag, and A. I. Alobaidi, "Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Cast Complications of Limb Fractures: A Cross-Sectional Study," Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 195–200, Apr. 2024.
[27]. G. A. Wasserman, "Risk and Protective Factors of Child Delinquency," U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 2003.
[28]. H. M. Sabty, S. B. Dawood, and A. M. Tiryag, "Nurses’ Knowledge and Practices on Influenza Vaccination for Pregnant Women," Jurnal Kebidanan Midwiferia, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 50–59, Oct. 2024.
[29]. G. W. Pikounis, "How Does Divorce Affect the Individual Relationships of the Children Involved?" Psychology & Human Relationships, vol. 2, Apr. 2010.
[30]. E. H. Rahi, Z. M. Al-Hejaj, and A. M. Tiryag, "Nurses' Knowledge of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study," Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 10–21070, Jun. 2024.
[31]. M. R. Stevenson, How Divorce Affects Offspring: A Research Approach, Routledge, Mar. 2019.
[32]. A. M. Tiryag, "Revitalizing Hearts: The Transformative Impact of Pacemaker Therapy on Cardiac Conduction Disorders," Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 10–21070, Jun. 2024.
[33]. C. Kleinsorge and L. M. Covitz, "Impact of Divorce on Children: Developmental Considerations," Pediatrics in Review, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 147–155, Apr. 2012.
[34]. I. H. Zainel, H. H. Abdul-Ra'aoof, and A. M. Tiryag, "Mothers' Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Their Children With Neonatal Jaundice: A Cross-Sectional Study," Health Education and Health Promotion, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 565–570, Jul. 2022.
[35]. K. Corcoran, "Parental Efficacy as a Moderator for the Effects of Divorce on Adolescent Delinquency," Apr. 2023.
[36]. H. H. Abdul-Ra’aoof et al., "Moderate Proficiency in Suture Techniques Among Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study," Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 2, 2024.
[37]. C. M. Boccio and K. M. Beaver, "The Influence of Family Structure on Delinquent Behavior," Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 88–106, 2019.
[38]. H. H. Abdul-Ra’aoof et al., "The Psychological Impact of Violence on Emergency Department and Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study," Research Journal of Trauma and Disability Studies, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 228–233, Apr. 2024.
[39]. C. Kleinsorge and L. M. Covitz, "Impact of Divorce on Children: Developmental Considerations," Pediatrics in Review, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 147–155, Apr. 2012.
[40]. A. M. Tiryag and H. H. Atiyah, "Nurses' Knowledge Toward Obesity in Al-Basra City," Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 4667–4673, May 2021.
[41]. A. C. Buchan, "Effects of Divorce on Adolescents: Interventions," Apr. 2023.
[42]. A. M. Tiryag and H. H. Atiyah, "Nurses’ Knowledge Toward Bariatric Surgery at Surgical Wards at Teaching Hospitals in Al-Basra City," Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 5152–5159, Jun. 2021.
[43]. A. B. Parks, "The Effects of Family Structure on Juvenile Delinquency," unpublished.
[44]. H. H. Abdul-Ra’aoof, A. M. Tiryag, and M. A. Atiyah, "Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Nursing Students About Insulin Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study," Academia Open, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 10–21070, Jun. 2024.
[45]. T. Y. Hassan, S. Al-Bundi, B. M. Ali, and J. K. Al-Diwan, "Impact of Divorce on Children's Well-Being," Age, vol. 6, no. 3, Mar. 2022.
